Revolutionary Dreams (1974) by Nikki Giovanni

 

Nikki Giovanni (1943-2024)  was a writer, poet, activist, and educator. Revolutionary Dreams was one of her notable poems. This poem discusses a process of developing political consciousness. The first step is recognizing a problem. Then there is a desire to fight against an oppressive system. Beyond this is the development of  ideology. A revolution requires political and social change in society. Giovanni in the poem insists that revolution also is internal. A change in political philosophy or general convictions is only one step. Revolutionary Dreams sounds more like an  argument for reform. The reason the civil rights and feminist movement was incomplete was because reform was emphasized over revolution. The baby boom generation went from being leftist in their youth to political centrism or neoconservative aligned. Self criticism and being open to new ideas is not the issue. Avoiding ideological contradictions should be part of a disciplined movement. A true revolution understands certain systems have to be dismantled and certain groups cannot be negotiated with. Advocates of a racial caste system could not be tolerated. This is why the Supreme Court had to force the south to integrate. Women were denied equal rights, which meant that the traditional views of gender roles had to be discarded. Nikki Giovanni's Revolutionary Dreams sound more like accommodation. Change at times needs to be imposed, otherwise the reactionary forces of society will hinder advancement.    

The End of The Bashar al-Assad Presidency

 

Syria's government has been deposed by a combination of terrorist organizations, domestic armed groups, and foreign powers. When Hayat Tahrir al-Sham entered Damascus, President Assad was nowhere to be found. Assad and his family prior to the rebel invasion fled to the Russian Federation. So far, there has not been an announcement from Bashar al-Assad about the situation. A possible bloodless coup occurred, which forced him into a type of self imposed exile. Russia did not come to his aid like in 2015. Iran's current military skirmishes with Israel is the focus of their energies. Israel with President Assad removed launched an invasion into Syrian territory. Syria is not going to become a liberal democracy. The Baath Party was just replaced with HTS. Now it appears that Abu Mohammad al-Jolani will have control of Syria. This depends on how HTS will fight its competitors. Assad's exile to Russia is puzzling. Iran and Oman are likely places in which the Assad family would flee to. Turkey remains in the north of Syria and Iraq will be effected by the change of the Syrian government. Syria now has tranfomed into what Lebanon was during the 1975 to 1990 civil war. The United States now is conducting airstrikes against ISIS in Syria. A fear is that when the Russo-Ukraine War is over, there will be attempt reinstall Bashar al-Assad. Russia has two bases in Syria, which could launch an operation. Although unlikely it might explain why Assad chose to get asylum in Russia. There could be discussions about a military operation to clear terrorist organizations and armed groups from Syria. As long as Bashar al-Assad is alive and politically active this could happen. Considering the amount of political instability, the Assad era is over. Ethnic and religious hatreds are growing with escalating violence. The loyalists to President Bashar al-Assad will never accept a new government.  

Netumbo Nandi-Ndaitwah Elected President of Namibia

 

Namibia has elected its first female president. Netumbo Nandi-Ndaitwah. According to the electoral commission  Netumbo Nandi-Ndaitwah got 57% of the vote. Accusations of electoral irregularities have been made by the political opposition. The Independent Patriots for Change are attempting to challenge the results in court. It is unlikely that the ICP will overturn the election results. Netumbo Nandi-Ndaitwah is a veteran of the liberation struggle against Apartheid South Africa's occupation of Namibia. Active in SWAPO's  youth league, she dreamed of the day of Namibia being free from white minority rule. Netumbo Nandi-Ndaitwah has held a number of government posts related to foreign affairs and information. She has been a women's rights advocate and getting the Combating of Domestic Violence Act legislation passed. Her credentials and experience indicate a leader who is going to be capable. Yet, there still are pressing economic concerns. Namibia is classified as an upper  middle income country. This is based on data from the World Bank. The promises of economic transformation have been made, but never materialize. Growing youth unemployment is another concern.  Netumbo Nandi-Ndaitwah and SWAPO must address this, or else voter support will be reduced. Discussion of a run off election has surfaced. The Namibian Supreme Court could make the determination about the legitimacy of ICP claims. SWAPO cannot afford to rest on past deeds, when a younger population was not yet born to witness them. Maintaining political support requires change in  strategy.  

Lucy Parsons on The Upper Class Elite and Voting

 

Renewed Escalation In The Syrian Civil War

 

The Syrian Civil War has been fought for 13 years. Now there is a renewed escalation. The conflict has morphed into a war of proxy, with multiple countries arming terrorists organizations. Armed groups like the Free Syria Army and the Syrian  Democratic Forces  were prominent during the 2010s. ISIS operated between the borders of Iraq and Syria. The country is going through a balkanization process similar to Yugoslavia during the 1990s. Turkey, the United States, and the UAE are providing weapons to these armed groups and terrorist organizations. The sudden resurgence is connected to Israel's aggression in both Gaza and Lebanon. Israel conducted a number of airstrikes in Syria during the long civil war. Removing the Assad government would weaken Hezbollah and Iran. The Syrian Civil War now has transformed into a regime change operation. The Al-Nusra Front  has  done rebrand of its organization. Although still terrorists, they  are no longer collaborating with al-Qaeda. The new name of the terrorist organization Hayat Tahrir al-Sham. Now Hayat Tahrir al-Sham seeks to establish a theocratic government. The last Baathist government in the Middle East is facing threats from old rivals and recent ones. The Gulf monarchies and radical political Islamism are two major enemies to the Bashar Al-Assad presidency. If the Bashar Al-Assad government falls that means Syrian refugees will either go to Europe or Turkey. Israel could use the opportunity to take more territory. Russia and Iran are going to intervene on the behalf of Syria. Russia's war in Ukraine remains a priority, but Syria is a place in which the UK, US, France, and Germany can be undermined. Iran realizes that it is in a state of war with Israel and that Syria is too important to lose. The rebels have taken Aleppo and continue to push further south. If the Baathist government loses Damascus, the war to keep Syria whole is lost.  

South Korea's Political Instability

 

South Korea is experiencing political instability. President Yoon Suk Yeol attempted to institute martial law. This caused alarm and concern among the South Korean public. For six hours the country was in turmoil with the army being mobilized. Soldiers blocked protesters from entering the National Assembly building. The decision was reversed after much objection. President Yoon Suk Yeol did this only because his own political party did not approve of declaring martial law. The People's Power Party is trying to distance themselves from a president that is becoming unpopular. The conservative government has been in power since 2022 and discord among the public has grown. President Yoon Suk Yeol accused the political opposition of obstruction and collaborating with North Korea. No evidence has been presented to show that other political parties are working with North Korea. Law makers then responded by introducing legislation to nullify the martial law declaration. The Defense Ministry rejected this and said it would only follow the orders of President Yeol. Martial law was last declared in 1980. The fear is the return to an authoritarian system. The Yeol administration has accumulated a number of scandals and controversies. The declaration of martial law was a way to undermine the South Korean Democratic Party. President Yoon Suk Yeol could face impeachment and other criminal charges. A South Korean constitutional crisis could be the result of his resistance to the rule of law. As demonstrations increase the chances of Yoon Suk Yeol getting re-elected are reduced.   

Hunter Biden Gets A Presidential Pardon

 

Hunter Biden has gotten a presidential pardon from the Biden administration. President Joseph Biden claimed that he would not give one to his son. The argument was that administration wants to respect the rule of law. This conviction does not apply to members of the Biden family. Hunter Biden has gun charges and has been accused of tax evasion. The criminal justice system favors the powerful, white, and elite class. The reversal was done most likely because of the incoming Trump administration. If Biden remained in the presidential race and won, Hunter Biden would not have faced punishment. Getting a pardon now ensures that Hunter would not face retaliation from the next administration. Hunter Biden might have information related to business operations in Ukraine, which President Biden does not want public. The Democratic Party has attempted to create an image of a humanitarian organization and those who believe in justice. Pardoning Hunter Biden shows a level corruption, white privilege, and criminality similar to that of the Trump administration. Political figures are above the law, but it also includes their families. The presidential pardon is gradually evolving to let criminals go free. The drug charges are the least egregious offense. The War on Drugs criminalized addiction, which is a psychological disorder. Hunter Biden not paying his taxes and business dealings in Ukraine are serious crimes. The US government has grown more corrupt from the presidency to the courts. Few  Democratic senators and congressional representatives have condemned the Hunter Biden pardon. Speculation has circulated that the pardon was done as an expression of anger for the Democratic Party removing Biden as the nominee. President Biden doing the pardon for his son puts the Democratic Party in an awkward  position. The contradiction is one that the Democratic Party will have to confront beyond 2024.   

Chad and Senegal Want To Break Military Ties With France

 

Chad has announced it will no longer be part of the defense cooperation agreement with France. Senegal also announced it intends to expel French soldiers from its territory. An estimated 1,000 troops are present in Chad. Senegal does have French military bases. President Bassirou Diomaye Faye expressed the change in position as Senegal asserting its national sovereignty. The Senegalese president was elected to office with the goal drastic political change. President Mahamat Deby being the strongman of Chad, no longer wants to follow the dictates of France. His ambition could be to have more influence in Sudan and South Sudan. Breaking military ties with France shows that President Mahamat Deby is not a puppet to a foreign power. President Deby is showing that he  is going to be a longtime authoritarian leader in the region. France was forced out of Mali, Burkina Faso, and Niger. Military coups were the reaction to rage regarding France's occupation and being a destabilizing force. France could either attempted to undermine Chad or Senegal through armed groups or terrorist organizations. Another alternative would be to try to create a sphere of influence between Algeria and Morocco. This would be halted due to the fact both Algeria and Morocco disagree with the status of the Western Sahara. Algeria tends to favor its independence and most of the African continent is moving to that political position. Chad and Senegal could align closer to Burkina Faso, Mali, and Niger. The developments might not be a rise of Pan-African consciousness, but a repudiation of French interference in the affairs of the Sahel region.     

Sara Duterte Makes Assassination Threats Against President Ferdinand Marcos Jr

 

Sara Duterte the Vice President of the Philippines has made threats against President Ferdinand Marcos Jr. The Asian country's two most powerful political families are now in conflict. Sara Duterte stated if she were to be murdered President Marcos would not be safe. A powerful struggle is occurring and it might escalate to violence. Sara Duterte also vituperated Martin Romualdez who serves as Speaker of the House. of Representatives. Allegations have been made about what Sara Duterte's office has done with certain funds. Sara Duterte could be subject to criminal charges. Removing her from office could cause complications. Upcoming elections in the House of  Representatives provide an opportunity for President Ferdinand Marcos Jr. to consolidate political power. Sara Duterte feels that the political alliance did not provide her benefits. As time passed the association between the two leaders became more contentious. The fall out also reflects another controversy. Attempts have been made to change the  Constitution of the Philippines. Some fear this would enable a return to dictatorship and authoritarianism. President Ferdinand Marcos Jr. insisted the changes are not to increase power of the executive branch. Sara Duterte could use the anger related to the constitutional changes for her own political gain. The coalition is disintegrating, which makes the political life in the Philippines more turbulent.     

Walter Cronkite Announces The Death of President John F. Kennedy

 

Walter Cronkite was the host of CBS Evening News from 1962 to 1981. He went on air on November 22, 1963 to announce that President John F. Kennedy was dead. He was assassinated in Dallas, Texas. This news was the most shocking Walter Cronkite reported. Cronkite interviewed President Kennedy in September. During that interview, President Kennedy acknowledged that he was not really a popular figure in the South. The presidential election of 1964 was going to be a challenge. The reason was that the Kennedy administration was shifting its support to civil rights. This divided the Democratic Party. Southern Democrats favored segregation. President Kennedy going to Texas was a security risk for him. Going there was for the sake of Democratic Party unity for the election next year. The assassination happened 61 years ago and there remain unanswered questions. Walter Cronkite never challenged the findings of the Warren Commission. Cronkite never did a journalistic investigation into the matter. Although he was willing to discuss controversies surrounding the criminal investigation, CBS did not go further. Only speculation and theories exist about why President John F. Kennedy was killed. 

President Richard M. Nixon on Hatred

 

It was 50 years ago that President Richard M. Nixon became the first to resign from office. The Watergate scandal damaged his administration and made him lose most of his political support. Richard M. Nixon announced his resignation on August 9, 1974. The burglary and attempted espionage of the DNC offices in the Watergate complex showed that the administration was criminalizing its political opponents. What brought the Nixon administration down was the cover-up and the secrecy surrounding unethical practices. Rather than face impeachment and a trial, Nixon decided to resign from the presidency. Nixon made a farewell address to staff before leaving the presidency. He stated some might despise you as a person, but they win if you hate them back. The sentiment is not wrong, yet it is advice Richard M. Nixon did not follow. The tapes revealed Nixon's racism, prejudice, and disdain for political opposition. It was President Nixon's paranoia and authoritarian tendencies that caused his downfall. 

The Russia-Ukraine Conflict And The Use of ATACMS

 

Ukraine has been supplied with MGM-140 Army Tactical Missile Systems. Ukraine has attacked inside Russian territory and now it is being with more weapons. The use of ATACMS proves that the conflict in Eastern Europe is a proxy war between NATO and the Russian Federation. Ukraine's chances of winning the conflict have decreased. Recapturing the Donbas and Crimea are out of reach. The Biden administration supplying ATACMS is another escalation in the Russia-Ukraine War. The Russian Federation asserted the conflict was a special military operation, but it is apparent NATO wants to be aggressive with the Russian Federation. There is little hope that with an incoming Trump administration that a peace settlement will be obtained. The European Union is thus left to figure out how to manage an energy crisis and a new wave of Ukrainian refugees. President Biden's supply of ATACMS is an attempt to reverse Ukraine's military failures. The conditions have worsened with the US embassy being shut. The Russian Federation could retaliate with massive airstrikes. Some European leaders are realizing that arming Ukraine is causing more destabilization of Europe. Chancellor Olaf Scholz has expressed he will not supply Taurus long range missiles to the conflict. This is not so much for peace, but due to the fact an election is approaching in Germany. Chancellor Scholz has spoken with President Vladimir Putin. This was the first time since December of 2022. There is no indication in the hour long phone call that a peace settlement was discussed. Germany might be more interested in continuing its economic partnership with the Russian Federation. The recent shipment of arms from the UK and US are not going to produce  the military defeat of the Russian Federation. It has been speculated that some want the war to continue for the sake of the arms industry. Lockheed Martin is that main producer of ATACMS. The Russia-Ukraine War provides a market for various weapons.  

Colombia Has Prohibited Child Marriage

 

Child marriage has been outlawed in Colombia. After 17 years of advocacy groups working to make this possible, the bill was passed. Marriage is now prohibited for anyone under the age of 18. Certain countries still allow child marriage. This puts girls at risk for violence and sexual exploitation. The practice harms girls advancement in education and prevents economic opportunities in adulthood. Colombia is estimated to have about 4.5 million girls married before the age of 18 according to Unicef data. Child marriage remained more prevalent in rural communities. The economic strain that certain families face make then marry off their daughters to someone more wealthy. The reason child marriage effects girls more than boys is due to a culture of machista. The culture of male dominance does not allow girls and women much personal freedom. The challenge now is chaining attitudes about women and girls roles in society. Ensuring the law will be recognized will be difficult for law enforcement. The connection between poverty and child marriage has been noted. Social welfare programs, expansion of employment, and more public education can contribute to the fight against child marriage. Colombia had to act seeing as child marriage was becoming a public health concern. Child brides, just like adults can be subject to domestic violence. Getting pregnant too young can increase risk of death during childbirth. Colombia is the latest South American country to ban child marriage. Only 12 countries have a ban on child marriage in Latin America. Colombia could inspire activists in other countries to get legislation passed to protect girls from  child marriage. 

Infowars Facing Possible Shutdown

 

Infowars could be ending operation. Alex Jones can no longer keep the media empire going due to the lawsuits related to the reporting on the Sandy Hook Elementary  School shooting. Alex Jones has filed for bankruptcy and Infowars is now up for auction. Alex Jones was charged for defamation for asserting the shootings were nothing more than a hoax. The families of the victims are expected to get cash settlements from Infowars. Alex Jones is hoping to find a buyer for his media company, but that does not mean he would remain employed under new management. Some sources report that Roger Stone might be interested in the purchase of Infowars. Infowars has been active since 1999. When it launched very few news based websites were on the internet. The public was still getting their news from television and  corporate media. Infowars is known for conspiracy theories and right leaning ideology. However, Alex Jones does not favor the neoconservative political establishment. During the 2000s Jones was a critic of the Bush administration and objected to Hillary Clinton's foreign policy. Infowars was given more mainstream attention in 2016. The reason was based on Alex Jones supporting Trump and the concern about disinformation on the internet. Infowars was then banned from Youtube and other social media platforms. Infowars has published false claims, but corporate media has done the same. Fox News and CNN rarely retract false stories or correct their media bias. Alex Jones may not be the main target. The case and bankruptcy proceedings could be used as a blueprint for prohibiting independent media. By linking independent media to more fringe movements, it becomes a justification for shutdown. Content creators could be demonetized, accused of spreading disinformation, or face defamation charges. Alex Jones stated that he will find another platform to do reporting. With Free Speech Systems be part of the bankruptcy proceedings, it will be difficult. Broadcasting continues to evolve with culture and technology. Infowars was able to build with a niche audience and eventually was noticed by the mainstream media. 

The Status of Power and Electricity Access In Africa

 

The African continent has a problem with access to power and electricity. Nigeria has suffered from power outages. North Africa based on collected data has more access to power compared to Sub-Saharan Africa. The countries that lack the most electricity are The African Central Republic, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Chad,  and South Sudan. These three countries have a history of civil wars and armed groups fighting the government. The M23 rebels and Seleka rebels have fought in the DRC and the Central African Republic. South Africa has the highest access to electricity in its region. The need for better infrastructure and better power grids should be part of every African country's objective. Power and electricity are needed for modern nations. Electricity can be an indicator of development. Considering Africa's vast mineral and fossil fuel resources the economic possibilities are endless. Data  related to progress on electrification According to the IAEA , the number of people without electricity access expanded. The two major factor related to reversal  was the COVID-19 pandemic and the energy crisis related to events in Europe. The 2019 map shows the status before those two events. The African continent has more access to electricity compared to past. The challenge is keeping the process mobilized. The African Union must develop programs to bring electricity to all of the continent. The World Bank has created a plan known as mission 300. The goal is to get electrification to 300 million in sub-Sharan Africa. Although  the African Development Bank has collaborated with the World Bank on the program, fears of further long term debt arise. Mission 300 wants to have most of the region with electricity by 2030. The time frame is too short for such an ambitious project. The African Union should be leading efforts to provide electricity. Doing so would encourage immense  cooperation between all regions of Africa.  

The United States Presidential Election Results

 

Former President Donald Trump has been elected the 47th president of the United States. Kamala Harris won 244 electoral votes. Donald Trump obtained at total of 277. The 2024 US presidential election was unique. President Joseph Biden was forced out of the race and Kamala Harris became the nominee. There was not open primary or an open convention. The Democratic Party sets the rules on how they select their nominee, but some question the process during this election cycle. Kamala Harris in her first attempt to run for president was not successful. The failure to address Israel's wars on Gaza, Lebanon, and Iran alienated the Arab American community. Economic factors were a large indicator of the election outcome. Inflation, layoffs, and the aftermath of the COVID-19 pandemic damaged her campaign. Combined with a housing crisis and an increase in migrants frustrations  grew among the public. Donald Trump was able to exploit public discord. The criminal cases against him did not end his presidential campaign. Instead it energized his base. Kamala Harris ran a basic anti-Trump platform, but more detailed policies were needed. The error was seeking to replace the progressive vote with suburban women. Simultaneously, Donald Trump was able get more Latino and African American voters. The gender divide was evident. More men voted for Donald Trump. As the United States becomes more diverse, elections are going to get more complicated. Polls have the tendency to view groups as a monolith. Those who were Democrats defected to voting for Donald Trump. The 2024 US presidential election was in a way a referendum on the Biden administration's performance. Kamala Harris could not distance herself from his policies. The failure to address economic, international affairs, and domestic issues  resulted in Kamala Harris' loss. Donald Trump now is the second president to win two non-consecutive terms. Grover Cleveland first did this in the US presidential  election of 1892. 

Internet Archive Resumes Operation

 

Internet Archive suffered three major hacking attacks. This exposed e-mails of  users of the website. Cyberattacks are a serious threat to various organizations. The reason this was such a concern was due to the amount of information Internet Archive contains. The website has collected webpages, printed material, and video from the decades. The Internet Archive has in a way been recording history. The October hacking attacks are a reminder that physical media should also be preserved. Otherwise information could be lost forever. Hackers were able to take advantage of a security flaw. Zendesk API tokens were not unrotated. What the Zendesk API token is used for password authentication. This also involves management of support tickets. The Internet Archive did not take proper security measures to prevent this type of breach. The Internet Archive has been operating since 1996 with the objective of providing "universal access to all knowledge." Audio files, software, and music are part of the massive digital  archive. The first indication of vulnerability was in 2022 with the Gitlab token. An estimated total of 31 million users were effected. The motivations of the hackers are unclear. The intent could either be for phishing or selling personal information to third parties. Various hacker groups have attacked Internet Archive. Internet Archive suffered a distributed denial of service attack. Hackers flood a website with traffic, which blocks regular users from getting access. This explains why it took so long to resume operation.  

North Korean Involvement in The Russia-Ukraine War

 

Reports have been circulating that North Korea has sent Russia troops to Ukraine. Russia and North Korea have become more close over the years. Despite the fact Russia abandoned communism in 1991, North Korea sees the Russia alliance as critical. North Korea has been forced into isolation through sanctions and the United Nations. Video was also posted showing North Korean soldiers putting on gear with Russian soldiers. The North Korean forces are allegedly active in Kursk. Ukraine launched attacks inside of Russia. As the proxy war expands, more countries will get involved. North Korea's motivation could be a way to prevent future attacks by NATO. North Korea could be subject to a NATO intervention. Another motive is to get access to Ukraine's wheat. North Korea struggles with food security. Getting access to Ukrainian wheat could solve this problem. South Korea might react by supporting Ukraine with troops. North Korea and South Korea have been in a state of war since the Cold War. That would mean the tension on the Korean peninsula would spill over into Eastern Europe. NATO and South Korea have given conflicting numbers about the total number of North Korean forces. South Korea has stated it could be a total of 12,000 North Korean forces. NATO Secretary-General Mark Rutte put the number at 10,000. The numbers might be exaggerated for other reasons. It might be used as a justification for EU countries to attack North Korea. North Korea entering the war does not change the status in Eastern Europe. The Russian Federation is getting closer to winning the conflict. North Korea most likely is acting as a substitute for Belarus. Belarus did not send its forces to Ukraine. North Korea possibly going there as minor auxiliary support.   

The Halloween Candy Poisoning Myth

 

The fear that people are passing out poisoned candy is a myth. Parents still are concerned about their children getting poisoned from Halloween candy. The only documented case of a child being killed by poisoned Halloween candy was in 1974. Ronald Clark O' Bryan murdered his son by contaminating his candy with cyanide. The motivation of Ronald Clark was to collect a life insurance policy worth $ 31,000. Law enforcement erroneously thought it was done by a stranger. Despite rare cases of children being poisoned during Halloween, the media created a panic. Parents became terrified, even if the criminal act was not by a random stranger. The majority of crimes that happen on Halloween are either theft or vandalism. Children are at low risk from harm. A random stranger would be caught if they attempted such an act. Assuming they are living at a permanent residence, all an investigator would need to to is retrace the steps of the homes visited. Depending on the number of homes visited it would a large number of suspects. The parents accompanying their children would have seen the faces of those distributing candy. Moral panics are a projection of   anxieties of the public. Regardless of facts, the public will be more responsive to sensationalist news reporting. The hysteria about poisoned candy relates to a myth about Halloween sadism. The myth claims that the holiday sees an increase in crime and depravity. Data does not show that more crime occurs on Halloween. The public continues to believe the Halloween candy poisoning myth, even though criminology discredits it.  

The Democratic Republic of the Congo Seeks Changes To The Constitution

The Democratic Republic of the Congo might be seeking to change the DRC  Constitution. President Felix Tshisekedi revealed a commission is being set up to draft a new constitution.  The argument made is that the current DRC Constitutions has certain flaws. President Tshisekedi asserts that it was originally drafted by foreigners. This was done as a measure to help stabilize the country after the Second Congolese Civil War from 1998 to 2003. The concern by some is that it could extend presidential terms or alter the term limits. The presidency is somewhat limited in comparison to regional governments and parliament. The desire for more centralization could be a means of preventing future civil wars. The M23 rebel attacks evoke memories of previous civil wars. Reforms could also be made in the electoral system. This should not generate condemnation as long as it ensures all citizens can vote. The current DRC Constitution has been used since 2006. A total of six constitutions the DRC has used. The seventh version would probably be used either late 2025 or 2026. This will certainly be a topic of debate in the next presidential election. A new constitution would not be a problem if the intent was known. A pattern with some African nations is that constitutional reforms are a way to extend presidential power. The political opposition rejects the DRC constitutional commission for this reason.   

 

The 2024 BRICS Summit

 

BRICS met for its sixteenth summit in 2024. It was hosted in Kazan, Russia. BRICS is expanding with more nations seeking to join. The challenge is that there are some tensions between some members. Venezuela and Brazil are experiencing a decline in diplomatic  relations. Brazil vetoed Venezuela's entry into BRICS. President Lula Da Silva questioned Venezuela's election results and appears to be drifting further away from President Nicolas Maduro. China and India do have border disputes. The atmosphere was different. Global South nations are asserting their economic independence. Since 2009 BRICS was an informal association of emerging economies in Asia, South America, and Africa. Since then it has become an important factor in the world economy. Attempts made by NATO to isolate Russia internationally were not successful. Seeing as the Russian Federation faces hostility from the European Union, diplomatic ties are sought elsewhere. A growing movement has emerged for creating a new currency and replacing the dollar. African and Asian nations are going to be a great force in the 21st century. Natural resources and a new currency are methods of challenging the dominance of EU countries. More members can be an advantage, but it brings complications. Argentina was set to join, yet reversed it decision. The reason was the country elected a right-wing libertarian President Javier Milei. Saudi Arabia has not taken the offer to become a member. Being a member of BRICS remaining western aligned would be difficult. Most EU countries and the United States see BRICS as an adversary. BRICS could also shield against sanctions unfairly placed on countries from Europe and North America. The 2024 BRICS summit marks an important geopolitical shift.   

Veoh Will Cease Operation

 

Veoh will end its operations in November. The video sharing website was another alternative to users who did not want to use Youtube. Options are becoming limited as it appears video sharing transforms into a monopoly. Those who have Veoh accounts will not lose their uploaded videos. The owner of Veoh known as FC2 inc.  will transfer accounts to its host portal website. Users can opt to not have accounts and data transferred. Veoh launched around 2005, the same year as Youtube. The question remains why did it fail to be a formidable competitor. Certain business decisions, disputes over copyright, and marketing are possible factors. Users are least not likely to try a video sharing service they are unfamiliar with. When Google purchased Youtube, the company got an advantage. Algorithms could be adjusted to feature Youtube at the top of the search engine list. Veoh was accused of copyright violations related to music and various videos. The copyright cases ruled in Veoh's favor that they were taking required steps to stop copyright violations. When it came to marketing, Veoh was not as recognizable. More people would have knowledge about other platforms than Veoh. Attempts to attract content creators were limited. Poor choices related to business resulted in layoffs and filing chapter 7 bankruptcy in 2010. The venture capital arrangements were not utilized to a degree that made the company secure. Veoh could have rivaled Realplayer. The problem was the Veoh Player was prone to glitches and was not that innovative. Although Veoh will no longer exist, its contributions to early video sharing cannot be underestimated. Video sharing has become a major part of the tech industry.  

Sudan's War Induced Balkanization

 

Sudan is balkanizing due to civil war. The Rapid Support Forces control a significant portion of the eastern section of  the country. The RSF is not the only group fighting. The Sudan Liberation Movement and the Sudan People's Liberation army are active in combat. Those two rebel factions control the least amount territory. The Sudan Armed Forces is fighting a war to keep Sudan whole. A victory by the Sudan Armed Forces does not mean liberation from oppression or violence. Sudan is under the rule of a military regime. President  Abdel Fattah al-Burhan will use the civil war as an excuse to maintain power. Even if the RSF is defeated, the military regime will make a justification for restrictions rights and political opposition. President Abdel Fattah al-Burhan at the UN accused the RSF of atrocities, but ignored the army's role in violence. His demand is that the RSF withdraw from the land they have taken if  they want a peace deal. There are indications that the United Arab Emirates and Egypt have some degree of involvement in the conflict. The UAE has been accused of supporting the RSF. Egypt was accused by Mohamed Dagalo of conducting airstrikes on the behalf of the Sudan Armed Forces. What happens in Sudan will effect its neighbors. Large numbers of people are constantly being displaced.  The Sudan Armed Forces continue to fight despite efforts to make a ceasefire. The objectives are to regain lost territory and subdue the RSF. The next step is to take back the capital Khartoum. If the government fails either the RSF takes over all of Sudan or it breaks up into smaller countries. After RSF violence a portion of Sudanese will never accept the RSF as a legitimate government. The map of East Africa could be changed depending on the war's outcome. 

Psychologist Philip Zimbardo' s Perspective on Pornography (2019)

 

Philip Zimbardo (1933-2024) had a long career as a psychologist and educator. He was known for the Stanford prison experiment and being the author of various psychology textbooks for students. Some of his assertions could be debated.  Zimbardo appeared in a video in 2019 claiming pornography is a harmful influence. Philip Zimbardo stated that men are giving up on life and are retreating to a world of virtual reality. His concern is that pornography is warping the minds of men. Pornography has existed since ancient history and this argument is just as old. Normally, it would either be a religious fundamentalist or radical feminist that would be talking about the alleged danger of pornography. Zimbardo claims that pornography consumption makes physical intimacy less satisfying. Zimbardo never cites studies that support the claim men would be sexual failures if they watch pornography. Zimbardo never even questions why some men prefer a virtual world. It is harder for men to have sexual encounters. Establishing relationships has become more difficult. Women reject more men in comparison. If men are not having their sexual needs met then they look elsewhere. Philip Zimbardo also makes the error that sexual intercourse equates to love. Two people can copulate without loving one another.. Philip Zimbardo does not even consider people of different sexual orientations. Philip Zimbardo appears to be blaming pornography for challenges facing young men. Isolation and economic difficulties are making it harder for men to have interpersonal relationships. 

The Challenges Facing President Xiomara Castro

 

Honduras is still recovering from the coup that occurred in 2009. President Xiomara Castro faces both domestic and external challenges. The end of the extradition treaty with the United States signals a major shift. Honduras is asserting its national sovereignty and independence. Latin American nations that are politically left no longer want to align themselves with the United States. The internal affairs of Honduras show that there is internal opposition that does not want change. A video was made pubic which showed her brother-in-law allegedly asking for campaign donations from a drug trafficker. The video is at least a decade old. It was not President Xiomara Castro asking for donations or seeking help from criminal elements. Charges have not been made and no trial has taken place. This has not stopped some who want to see her resign. The National  Anti-Corruption Council appears to be pushing for the president's removal. The National  Anti-Corruption Council has not provided evidence of criminal activity. Without evidence or an investigation the claims are nothing more than accusations. The sudden accusations many suspect are politically motivated. Carlos Zelaya might be guilty of aiding gangs, but nothing in the video suggest President Xiomara ordered the transaction. Speculation also arises that there is a plot  from the United States to have President Xiomara Castro removed. President Xiomara Castro faces internal threats from gangs and the right-wing. The United States is the biggest external threat, seeing as Honduras wants to assert itself in South America.      

The Link Between Alcohol Consumption And Cancer

 

Alcohol has been linked to certain health concerns. While most  know about the damages it can do to the liver, a link to cancers has been reported. The Word Health Organization stated previously there is no safe amount of alcohol consumption. There has been an increase in breast and colon cancer. The new reports suggest that high consumption of alcohol is linked to six different types of cancer. This includes liver, stomach, and esophageal cancer. The disturbing trend  is people under 50 are having higher cancer rates. Drinking  is a part of culinary culture of certain societies. The youth could be harming their health by staring a pattern of overconsumption. The new information also proves the error of previously accepted positions. Medical professionals used to assert that moderate drinking was fine. The claim even held that some alcohol could protect the heart and circulatory system. Some thought alcohol would be a way to prevent cardiovascular disease. New information demonstrates that is false. Alcohol is now reaching the status  cigarettes and cigars. No amount of smoking is safe or healthy. The data continues to show the same for alcohol consumption. This means the effects of alcoholism are more severe than once thought. Oncologists might have to examine alcohol more extensively as a means treating various cancers. The information might not stop people's drinking habits, but it provides a warning of the risk. Nutrition facts and food labeling must be updated to reflect the new health information.  

Israel Invades Lebanon

 

Israel continues to disturb the peace in West Asia. The invasion of Lebanon has opened another front in the Israel-Gaza War. The invasion has nothing to do with fighting Hamas. Hezbollah does show solidarity with Palestinian resistance. This is not designed to undermine the fight against occupation. Israel is seeking to expand its borders. The consequences of fighting both Hamas and Hezbollah gets Israel closer to a full scale confrontation with Iran. The motivation is to become the most dominant power in the Middle East region and clear space for Israeli settlement. Other Arab states should be concerned about growing Israeli aggression. Jordan, Iraq, and Syria are at risk. Saudi Arabia could one day face violence from Israel. Yemen continues to resist with Houthi fighters. The expansion of the war has created a dire humanitarian crisis. Ethnic cleansing and genocide are occurring in both the Gaza Strip as well as the West Bank. The violence is part of the Greater Israel project. Although the Movement for Greater Israel ended in the 1970s, the ideas remain. The desire to conquer and replace Arabs with European Ashkenazim Jewish populations. If the war keeps going it may force Arab states to intervene. The citizens of those populations are expressing much anger about the deaths caused by the IDF. Beirut has sustained bombings from Israel. The invasion of Lebanon has only isolated Israel diplomatically. These acts of  military aggression are the start of  a Zionist empire. Lebanon now has to fight to for its sovereignty against an invading nation.      

Turkmenistan And EU Seeking An Agreement On The Trans-Caspian Transport Corridor Coordination Platform

 

The European Union is seeking more economic ties to Turkmenistan. The diplomatic talks that happened this October focused on the establishment of  the  Coordination Platform. This is designed to make trade through the Trans-Caspian Transport Corridor more efficient. Other Central Asian and  South Caucasus countries sent diplomats and representatives to the meeting. The agreements focused on development of infrastructure, the transport of cargo, and investment. Part of the objective is to promote economic growth in Central Asia and the EU. The construction of the Coordination Platform is set to launch in 2025. This does have benefits for Turkmenistan, but the concern relates to even distribution of them. Employment should be the first priority related to Turkmen. Wealth that is acquired from the project might not reach the average citizen. It might become part of the Berdimuhamedow family's assets. The country has been ruled by the father and son since 2022. Gurbanguly Berdimuhamedow was president from 2006 to 2022. The power sharing agreement was more of the establishment of co-ruling governance. It is unknown how much influence Serdar has on government. Gurbanguly still remains Chairmen of  the People's Council of Turkmenistan. Economic policy appears to be going in the direction of more investment and  association with the European Union. 

Joseph Biden Comments On The 1992 Presidential Debate

 

Joseph Biden made remarks about the presidential debate in 1992. He criticized George H.W. Bush's debate performance. Willian Jefferson Clinton was able to beat both Bush and Ross Perot. The ushered in the the age of the new Democrat.  The criticism mostly was the fact that Bush ignored the economic conditions of the United States. Taxes were increasing and unemployment intensified. George H.W. Bush continued the supply-side economic policies. The irony was that Biden would be forced out the 2024 presidential race. The poor debate performance revealed that President Biden was showing signs of cognitive decline. Presidents do not win all their debates, but that was never a reason for a candidate to drop out. Concerns about Biden's age and health generated the calls to have him leave the presidential race. Donors and members of the Democratic Party withdrew their support. President Biden did not  exit to pass the torch to a new generation of leaders. Like Bush, Biden will leave office with a troubled economy. Inflation and the housing crisis has put immense strain on the American public. Biden stated in 1992 that Bush was a guy "stuck in the past." The reference was discussing the notion that Bush could not make the transition from a Cold War president to a world in which their was only one superpower. Biden then criticizes Bush for not intervening in Bosnia. Yugoslavia was in a state of civil war and going through balkanization. The US interfering would have had devastating consequences. Biden's views then explain why in the 2020s the policy was escalation in the Russia-Ukraine War. Although he mentions that there is no Soviet Union and threats are minimal Biden still wanted US forces in Europe.      

Hassan Nasrallah Accuses The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia and US of Arming ISIS ( 2022)

 

Israel assassinated Hezbollah general secretary Hassan Nasrallah. The targeted assassinations only increase the chances of a wider regional war.  Hassan Nasrallah would make broadcasts in Lebanon discussing various regional and international affairs. A broadcast from 2022  asserted that the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia and the United States armed ISIS. This has been confirmed. The intent was to get ISIS factions to depose the government of Bashir Al-Assad. Nasrallah also notes that ISIS activity was violent in Iraq. The reason Israel is aggressively going after Hezbollah is due to it being formidable. The reason Saudi Arabia would favor ISIS armed groups is because of Syria and Hezbollah's alliance with Iran. The Islamic Republic came into existence by the removal of the monarchy. Saudi Arabia fears a similar type of revolution could occur. Then there is discomfort of a majority Shia Muslim Iraq north of  its borders. The murder of Hezbollah leadership will not stop the conflict. Lebanon might be forced to go to war if more of its citizens are killed. Nasrallah was general secretary since 1992 and now a new leader will takeover. Hassan Nasrallah was not only a symbol to the Lebanese people, but was a popular figure among the Palestinian resistance. Public anger continues to grow in Iraq and Iran. The more Israel continues its airstrikes, the more isolated it will become internationally. The assassination of Hassan Nasrallah was condemned by Turkey, Iraq,  Russia, and South Africa.   

The Kenya-Germany Migration Deal

 

Germany and Kenya have reached a migration pact. The agreement allows Kenyans who are skilled and semi-skilled to work in Germany. Those skilled professionals of Kenya are not be provided jobs in their country. Germany wants to fill certain positions. This might sound like a positive economic development, but there are some concerning stipulations. Kenyans in Germany could be repatriated who have uncertain legal status. The pact could create a brain drain for Kenya and subject Kenyans in Germany to labor exploitation. There are Germans who could work certain jobs, but employers want workers who would not demand higher wages or salaries. Germany has taken a number of migrants, asylum seekers, and refugees. Syrians, Ukrainians, and now Kenyans are becoming a part of Germany. Immigration has become a major issue and has caused a surge in far-right political parties. Kenyan doctors, nurses, and teachers can now come to work in Germany. The loss of these professionals only hurt Kenya. Most will probably not return to Kenya and seek to get German citizenship. This only makes Germany economically more powerful by using the Kenyan workforce. President William Ruto's choice could have negative consequences long after his administration. Rarely does Germany send its expertise to African countries. Kenya must find an incentive to keep their workforce in the country. Increasing pay and the standard of living will make citizens remain in Kenya.  

Israel Expands War Against Hezbollah

 

Israel continues to expand the conflict in the Middle East. Hezbollah when Gaza was attacked aided the resistance by firing rockets into Israel. What Israel did was respond with an act of terrorism. Across Lebanon pagers exploded. This was not designed to harm the leadership, but also attack the Lebanese population. The West Bank is also being absorbed into the Israeli state. What Israel claimed was an operation to free hostages and do a punitive operation against Hamas is really annexation. The long term goal is to destroy armed resistance to colonization efforts. The discussion of a two state solution or the creation of one is not possible under these conditions. The Knesset voted against a two state solution. The conflict with Lebanon has much to do with occupation. Lebanon was under Israeli occupation from 1985 to 2000. Although Israel withdrew they maintain the Shebaa Farms. The argument is that it was not part of the Golan Heights. Disputes over borders remain and this also involves complaints by Syria. Israeli may be seeking to add Ghajar to its domains. Hezbollah objects to this change in borders. Kfar Chouba is also remains a disputed area. When Israel engaged in a war with Hezbollah in 2006, they lost. Another outcome like that could be possible. What is precarious is Israel's move to regional war. Syria could get involved as well as Iran. Jordan and Egypt might be pressured by their citizens to abandon treaties made with Israel. Turkish public opinion tends to favor the Palestinian cause. The push for the creation of Greater Israel makes the region more unstable. West Asia is getting closer to a massive conflict similar to the Six Day War  in 1967.   

South Sudanese Elections Are Postponed

 

South Sudan will postpone its elections. The government asserts it is to take a proper census, register political parties, and develop a new constitution. These statements are legitimate measures needed for functional government. The concern is that President Salva Kiir is using this time to extend his administration. The elections are now set to be held in December of 2026. The civil war that was waged for five years against Riek Machar ended in 2018. The conflict left 400,000 dead. The argument is that some authoritarianism will keep South Sudan from balkanizing. The civil war in Sudan also is a factor. The war there has effected oil exports, which South Sudan is dependent. Political opposition most likely will not be able to operate under a new national security act. Discontent among civil servants has emerged due to missed pay. The outcome of elections can be predicted. President Salva Kiir has been in power since 2011 and could remain for decades. Leaders such as Paul Kagame, Teodoro Obiang Nguema Mbasogo,  Paul Biya, Denis Sassou Nguesso,  and Yoweri Museveni have been fixtures in African politics. The UN special envoy for South Sudan stated that the country was not ready for elections. The United Nations should not be dictating what South Sudan should do. The role of the UN is do conflict resolution and facilitate peace negations. Elections could be posted further into 2027. This effort is to extend President Salva Kiir's rule. South Sudan since its independence has known only one leader. If economic conditions become worse and discord is ignored South Sudan could fall into another civil war.   

The Culprits Involved In The Trump Assassination Attempts

 

Former President Donald Trump has experienced two attempted assassinations. The culprits were Thomas Matthew Crooks and Ryan Routh. These two had no connection with one another. Thomas Crooks is more mysterious considering there is little information on him. So far, the FBI and Secret Service have not discovered a motive. The investigation is ongoing and Crooks was shot by Secret Service. Ryan Rough remains in custody after the assassination attempt in Florida. Ryan's motivation could be connected to his support for Ukraine. At onetime Routh was a supporter of Donald Trump. However, Rayan Routh became vexed that President Donald Trump was favoring ending the Russia-Ukraine War. Rough was active in recruiting fighters to the front in Eastern Europe. More information has to gathered as the case against Ryan Rough builds. Gun violence has become so prevalent presidential candidates cannot be protected. Despite this, neither candidate has proposed more strict gun control legislation. Vice President Kamala Harris mentioned during the debate that she owned a gun. This should have been condemned by gun  control activists. Ryan Rough had a criminal record and was still able to get firearms. Thomas Crooks did not have a criminal record, which made him harder to track. The assassination attempt would be his first and last crime. Political factionalism and vitriolic rhetoric is creating a dangerous atmosphere in American politics. Mass media also contributes to the growing distrust among American citizens. What Crooks knew it died with him. Ryan Routh will be undergoing a criminal interrogation. Routh's lawyers might try to use an insanity defense to avoid the death penalty or a long prison sentence. No trial date has been set.    

The Safety Concerns About Ozempic

 

Ozempic is a medication used to treat type 2 diabetes. Now it is being used for weight loss. The medication got FDA approval in 2017. Having FDA approval does not make a drug safe. Pharmaceutical corporations are able to get various products on the market that could be harmful. Deregulation and a Food and Drug Administration that flows the dictates of business allowed this. The side effects of Ozempic include nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, constipation, and diarrhea. Ozempic does not permanently eliminate weight problems. The drug has to be taken regularly to maintain a certain weight. Which means a person using it could regain the weight they lost. Exercise and a change in diet would be more effective. The effects of long term use is unknown. Ozempic could possibly cause kidney, gall bladder, and pancreas related issues. Most drugs on the market have side effects that could result in other health concerns. The dieting and weight loss industry wants a medication on the market. A weight loss drug would be profitable. The problem is corporations do not care about consumer safety. Side effects of drugs are classified as either mild or severe. A certain amount of severe side effects has to be present for a drug to be removed from the market. Ozempic has not yet met those conditions. The FDA must reconsider the use of Ozempic as a weight loss drug.   

President Alberto Fujimori Accuses Generals of Assassination Plot (1992)

 

Former President Alberto Fujimori passed away from cancer and  Peru remains divided about his legacy. Despite trials, questions remain about the extent of the criminal activity of his administration. Alberto Fujimori in 1992 accused some of his generals of an assassination plot. Doubts remain if these generals were actually attempting coup or assassination. Around April of 1992 Alberto Fujimori launched the self-coup. President Fujimori dissolved the Congress and the judiciary and the military assisted. It makes no sense that a military would help enact authoritarianism with a person they allegedly wanted to assassinate. During the self-coup a new Peruvian  Constitution was created. The reason for Peru's struggles were related to economic instability and the fight against the Shining Path. The accusation of an assassination plot was made in November around the time elections were restored. The image of a few rogue generals trying to depose the government scare people to vote. President Alberto Fujimori won reelection in 1995, but that would not have been possible with out the change to the Peruvian Constitution in 1993. The change allowed him to run for another term. President Alberto Fujimori never provided evidence of the assassination plot. Imposing authoritarianism was justified by the administration as protecting Peru's national security. What was happening was the government abusing power.   

The Paris Peace Conference (1919)

 

After World War I, the Allies carved up the colonies of the Central Powers. The German Empire, The Ottoman Empire, and the Austro-Hungarian Empire no longer existed. New states emerged in Europe. The Russian Empire transformed into the Soviet Union after the Russian Revolution. Asian and African colonies of Germany and Turkey were taken over by France and the British Empire. The mistake of the Paris Peace Conference was that it kept European colonial  imperialism intact. The British Empire and France saw  the conference as a way to expand their territory. France insisted on harsh punishment for Germany. The War Guilt Clause placed most of the blame on Germany. The Austro-Hungarian Empire was more responsible for the outbreak due to its actions in Serbia. The footage shows the signing of the Treaty of Versailles on June 28, 1919. It went into effect in 1920. Italy even though it fought with the Allies got little of what it was promised. African and Asian independence movements were ignored and not invited to the Paris Peace Conference. Racism and European domination of the globe was to be preserved. The penalties of the Treaty of  Versailles and economic crisis created an atmosphere for fascism to rise. The war to end all wars would lead to another violent conflict in 1939.    

Israel's Targeted Assassinations Harm Ceasefire Efforts

 

Global protests and internal dissent has not stopped Israel's war on Gaza. Complicating the situation is the policy of targeted assassination. The murder of Ismail Haniyeh in Iran only complicated matters. Khaled Mashal succeeded him after the assassination. The revelation that hostages in Gaza were killed caused protests in Israel. The protests are not for peace or anti-war causes. Rather it is about removing Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu . If Israel continues to assassinate the Hamas leadership having negotiations will be impossible. Six hostages were killed. The accusation is that Hamas did the murders, but considering the bombings of the Gaza Strip Israel may actually kill the remaining hostages. The claim was that the war was to save hostages. Then the real objective was exposed. Regime change was decided upon in the Gaza Strip with annexation ending the process. Simultaneously, there is more violence in the West Bank. Hamas does not have control in that area, but it is being subject to military operations. Hamas is being used for the justification of expanding Israel's borders. Khaled Mashal could also fall victim to assassination. Hamas has not made an attempt to attack Israeli leaders. As causalities mount and territory gets absorbed this is not a war fought for defense. A campaign is underway to create Greater Israel. Hamas is surviving with the help of Hezbollah and by relation Iran. Targeted assassinations escalate conflict in a volatile region.      

The ICC Pressures Mongolia On President Vladimir Putin's Visit

 

Mongolia hosted Russian President Vladimir Putin. Mongolia is an ICC member, but refused to arrest him. The warrant for his arrest was issued in 2023. The International Criminal Court has been criticized for being biased in charges and undermining national sovereignty of various countries. Mongolia wants to expand economic ties. This visit was not an endorsement of the Russia-Ukraine War. Most Asian and African nations want a peaceful resolution to the conflict. The EU nations continue to send arms. The ICC pressure on Mongolia just undermines the Ukhnaagiin Khurelsukh presidency. Not arresting President Putin shows that Mongolia has an independent foreign policy. Mongolia does not exist to serve the ICC or European Union. If there is to be a system of international law, it should be applied to all nations. The International Criminal Court targets African and Asian leaders, while European leaders are exempt. Russia is at the moment, the only European country subject to the ICC  warrant. It has nothing to do with abuses in Ukraine, but to get access to Russian energy. A collapsed Russian Federation would mean certain natural resources could be obtained. President  Ukhnaagiin Khurelsukh might have to reevaluate Mongolia being an ICC member. Forcing other leaders to arrest heads of state could cause legal and political complications.  

The Rise of Paetongtarn Shinawatra

 

The Shinawatra dynasty appears to be resilient. Thailand has made Paetongtarn Shinawatra. Coups have not stopped the family from having political influence. Much of their power resides with the royal elites. Some question the new prime minister's credentials.  Paetongtarn Shinawatra background is mostly in business, not government. The change in government means a shift in foreign policy. What this means for neighbors such as Myanmar and Laos is unknown. Thailand has since 2014 seen political instability and corruption. Both Yinluck and Thaksin Shinawatra were deposed by coups. There is the fear that Paetongtarn could have a similar fate. Her promise to boost economic growth may make some Thai citizens optimistic. However, such promises have been made before. The return of the Shinwatras demonstrate the decline into an illiberal state. The alliance with conservatives and royal elites undermines the democratic system. Coups and a corrupt Thai Constitutional Court prevent anyone from making needed changes to the political system. The military and judiciary need reforms. The royalty  has an abnormal amount of influence, which should not be in a constitutional monarchy. Paetongtarn Shinawatra might be a puppet to the conservative and royal political factions. The youth are growing more frustrated with the lack of substantive change. Paetongtarn Shinawatra could face both public discord and internal confrontation in government.     

The Emergence of Mpox

 

The World Health Organization has declared mpox a health emergency. This is not a pandemic. The cases seem to be mostly in African countries. Mpox does cause concern considering the world just came out of the COVID-19 pandemic. Public health policy was not improved and the globe cannot handle another crisis of that magnitude. The difference with mpox is that a vaccine exists. When COVID-19 appeared there was not a vaccine for it. Mpox is classified as orthopoxvirus. The means of transmission is by animals making it zoonosis based. Monkeys and rodents are thought to be the carriers. Mpox can be spread through bodily fluids. Mpox has various symptoms. Rashes, fever, chills, swollen lymph nodes, headaches, muscle aches, and respiratory difficulties are common symptoms. The outbreak was first detected in 2022. The Democratic Republic of the Congo is now fighting an epidemic. Concern could be premature. Mpox is a rare virus and would not reach the same level of the 2020 pandemic. Mpox is not a s lethal. Mpox can be fatal if  medical treatment is not given. Infections from mpox can spread throughout the body. Africa has managed an Ebola virus outbreak in 2014 and a Marburg virus epidemic in 2005. Mpox can be contained with proper public health measures.