Afghanistan and Pakistan are in a state of war . Border clashes and accusations of Tehreek-i-Taliban Pakistan operations are the cause of the war. The Taliban government has claimed that they are not supporting any armed groups directed at Pakistan. Much of the current instability can be linked to the Afghan War that lasted between 2001 to 2021. Pakistan has been involved in Afghanistan since the Afghan-Soviet War. Two Muslim states are fighting one another, which causes division. Afghanistan is a theocratic government, while Pakistan is dominated by its military. Pakistan switched between civilian governments and military regimes. India could exploit Pakistan's situation by siding with the Taliban government. This seems more unlikely considering the BJP Party has anti-Muslim sentiment. Iran would be a factor, but at the moment is part of a wider regional war in West Asia. Mediation efforts were done by Qatar, Turkey, and Saudi Arabia. None of these countries could get a peace settlement between Pakistan and Afghanistan. The TTP was established in 2007 and formed largely in response to the NATO occupation of Afghanistan. A protracted war would result in refugees and more human rights violations. Prime Minister Shebaz Sharif appears to believe that the TTP are Indian proxies. Tensions between India and Pakistan should be taken seriously considering they are nuclear armed nations. The war with Afghanistan makes diplomacy in South Asia more complicated.
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